With one input, and vector outputs, we work component-wise.A question I’ve often asked myself is: “How do you know when you are doing a calculus problem?” The answer, I think, is that you are doing a calculus problem when you are computing: a limit, a derivative, or an integral. Now we are going to do calculus with vector-valued functions. To build a theory of calculus for vector-valued functions, we simply treat each component of a vector-valued function as a regular, single-variable function. Since we are currently thinking about vector-valued functions that only have a single input, we can work component-wise. Let’s see this in action.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Use the comparison test to determine if a series diverges or converges.Use the limit comparison test to determine if a series diverges or converges.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Define the cross product.Compute cross products.Use cross products in appled settings.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Compute derivatives of polar curves.Determine where the derivative of a polar curve is undefined.Find the equation of a tangent lines to a polar curve.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Identify a differential equation.Verify a solution to a differential equation.Compute a general solution to a differential equation via integration.Solve initial value problems.Determine the order of a differential equation. 

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Compute dot products.Use dot products to compute the angle between vectors.Find orthogonal projections.Find scalar projections.Use the dot product in applied settings.Find orthogonal decompositions.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Compute derivatives of common functions.Compute antiderivatives of common functions.Understand the relationship between derivatives and antiderivatives.Use algebra to manipulate the integrand.Evaluate indefinite and definite integrals through a change of variables.Evaluate integrals that require complicated substitutions.Recognize common patterns in substitutions.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Identify an improper integral.Determine if an improper integral converges or diverges.Compute integrals over infinite intervals.Compute integrals of functions with vertical asymptotes.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Use the integral test to determine that a series diverges.Use integrals to estimate the value of a series within an error.Use the divergence test to determine that a series diverges.Manipulate series using the properties of convergent series.Recognize known convergent or divergent series.

After completing this section, students should be able to do the following.Find the area of a region bound by a polar curve.Find the intersection points of two polar curves.Find the area of a region bound by two polar curves.