Most individuals define geography as a field of study that deals with maps, yet this definition is only partially correct. A better definition of geography may be the study of natural and human-constructed phenomena relative to a spatial dimension.

This book is adapted from work produced and distributed under a Creative Commons license (CC BY) in 2019 by R. Adam Dastrup, Introduction to Physical Geography and Introduction to Human Geography. This adapted edition is produced by Howard Community College.

This adaptation has altered or updated the original 2019 text with additions adapted from Introduction to Human Geography published by Dorrell, David; Henderson, Joseph; Lindley, Todd; and Connor, Georgeta, “Introduction to Human Geography” (2019). Geological Sciences and Geography Open Textbooks. 2. https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/geo-textbooks/2. Copyright 2018 by University System of Georgia, produced and distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license.

Social Problems: Continuity and Change is a realistic but motivating look at the many issues that are facing our society today. As this book’s subtitle, Continuity and Change, implies, social problems are persistent, but they have also improved in the past and can be improved in the present and future, provided that our nation has the wisdom and will to address them.

Social Problems: Continuity and Change is adapted from a work produced and distributed under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA) in 2010 by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. This adapted edition is produced by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing through the eLearning Support Initiative.

This adaptation has reformatted the original text, and replaced some images and figures to make the resulting whole more shareable. This adaptation has not significantly altered or updated the original 2010 text. This work is made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.

The founders of sociology in the United States wanted to make a difference. A central aim of the sociologists of the Chicago school was to use sociological knowledge to achieve social reform. A related aim of sociologists like Jane Addams, W.E.B. DuBois, and Ida B. Wells-Barnett and others since was to use sociological knowledge to understand and alleviate gender, racial, and class inequality.

Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World is adapted from a work produced and distributed under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA) in 2010 by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. This adapted edition is produced by Howard Community College through the support of an OER grant.

This adaptation has reformatted the original text, and replaced some images and figures to make the resulting whole more shareable. This adaptation has altered or updated the original 2010 text with additions adapted from a Introduction to Sociology 2E published by Openstax (Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/afe4332a-c97f-4fc4-be27-4e4d384a32d8@15.1.), produced and distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. This work is made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.